China’s Artificial Islands: How Sand, Dredging, And Geopolitics Turned Reefs Into Permanent Outposts

The South China Sea has become one of the most geopolitically contested maritime regions in the world. Over the past decade, China’s artificial islands have transformed submerged coral reefs and rocky outcrops into large military and logistical bases. Through massive dredging operations, sand reclamation, and infrastructure construction, China has created permanent outposts that dramatically reshape Continue reading